Atrioventricular canal defect

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Definition

Atrioventricular canal defect is a combination of several abnormalities in the heart present at birth (congenital abnormalities). This defect includes a hole between the chambers of the heart and problems with the valves that regulate blood flow in the heart. Atrioventricular canal defect may also be called endocardial cushion defect or atrioventricular septal defect.

There are two common types of atrioventricular canal defect — partial and complete. The partial form involves only the two upper chambers of the heart. The complete form allows blood to travel freely among all four chambers of the heart. Both types allow extra blood to circulate to the lungs. Ensuing problems overwork the heart and cause it to enlarge.

Atrioventricular canal defect is often associated with Down syndrome. If left untreated, atrioventricular canal defect may cause congestive heart failure and high blood pressure in the lungs. To correct this defect, doctors often recommend surgery during the first year of life to close the hole and reconstruct the valves.

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Symptoms