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Complications
By Mayo Clinic staffGiven enough time, many brachial plexus injuries in both children in adults heal with no lasting damage. But some injuries can cause temporary or permanent problems:
- Stiff joints. If you experience paralysis of your hand or arm, your joints can stiffen, making movement difficult, even if you regain use of your limb. For that reason, your doctor is likely to recommend ongoing physical therapy during your recovery.
- Pain. This results from nerve damage and may become chronic.
- Loss of feeling. If you lose feeling in your arm or hand, you run the risk of burning or injuring yourself without knowing it.
- Muscle atrophy. Slow-growing nerves can take several years to regenerate. During that time, lack of use may cause the affected muscles to degenerate.
- Permanent disability. How well you recover from a serious brachial plexus injury depends on a number of factors, including your age and the type, location and severity of the injury. Even with surgery, some people experience permanent disability, ranging from weakness in the hand, shoulder or arm to paralysis.
References
- Brachial plexus injury (Erb's palsy). American Society for Surgery of the Hand. http://www.assh.org/Content/NavigationMenu/PatientsPublic/HandConditions/BrachialPlexusInjury/Brachial_Plexus_Inj.htm. Accessed Oct. 24, 2008.
- Burners and stingers. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/fact/thr_report.cfm?Thread_ID=226&topcategory=Shoulder. Accessed Oct. 24, 2008.
- NINDS brachial plexus information page. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brachial_plexus/brachial_plexus.htm. Accessed Oct. 24, 2008.
- Erb's palsy (brachial plexus birth injury). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/fact/thr_report.cfm?Thread_ID=314&topcategory=Shoulder. Accessed Oct. 24, 2008.
- Shin AY, et al. Adult traumatic brachial plexus injuries. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2005;13(6):382-396.
- Uehara DT et al. Injuries to the Shoulder Complex and Humerus. In: Tintinalli JE et al. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 6th ed. Chapel Hill, N.C.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2004. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=612543&searchStr=injury+of+brachial+plexus. Accessed Nov. 11, 2008.
- McMahon PJ et al. Sports Medicine: Shoulder Neurovascular Injury. In: Skinner HB. Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Orthopedics. 4th ed. Irvine, Calif.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2006. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=2319261&searchStr=injury+of+brachial+plexus. Accessed Nov. 11, 2008.
