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Symptoms
By Mayo Clinic staffFor either acute bronchitis or chronic bronchitis, signs and symptoms may include:
- Cough
- Production of mucus (sputum), either clear or white or yellowish-gray or green in color
- Shortness of breath, made worse by mild exertion
- Wheezing
- Fatigue
- Slight fever and chills
- Chest discomfort
If you have acute bronchitis, you may have a nagging cough that lingers for several weeks after the bronchitis resolves. However, bronchitis symptoms can be deceptive. You don't always produce sputum when you have bronchitis, and children often swallow coughed-up material, so parents may not know there's a secondary infection. You can develop chronic bronchitis without first developing acute bronchitis. And many smokers have to clear their throats every morning when they get up, which, if it continues for more than three months, may be chronic bronchitis.
Symptoms of chronic bronchitis
If you have chronic bronchitis, long-term inflammation leads to scarring of the bronchial tubes, producing excessive mucus. Over time, the lining of the bronchial tubes thickens, and your airways eventually may become scarred. Signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis may also include:
- Cough that's worse in the mornings and in damp weather
- Frequent respiratory infections (such as colds or the flu) with a worsening productive cough
If you have chronic bronchitis, you're likely to have periods when your signs and symptoms worsen. At those times, you may have superimposed acute bronchitis, either viral or bacterial, in addition to chronic bronchitis.
When to see a doctor
Acute bronchitis usually resolves on its own in a few days. See your doctor if:
- Your cough is severe or prevents you from sleeping. Your doctor may recommend prescription cough suppressants to help you rest.
- You have a low-grade fever that persists more than three days or a fever higher than 101 F (38.3 C), you're breathless, or you cough up bloody or yellow or green mucus. You may have pneumonia. Discolored mucus usually indicates a bacterial infection, which would respond to antibiotics. You also may have developed a bacterial sinusitis.
- Your cough lasts more than three weeks. The inflammation from a chronic infection can lead to asthma in some people.
- You have chronic lung or heart problems, including asthma, emphysema or congestive heart failure, and think you may have developed bronchitis. These conditions put you at greater risk of developing complications from bronchial infections.
- You have repeated bouts of bronchitis. You may have chronic bronchitis or another serious health condition, such as asthma or bronchiectasis, a stretching of the respiratory passages caused by mucus blockage.
- What is bronchitis? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/brnchi/brnchi_whatis.html. Accessed Feb. 11, 2009.
- Acute bronchitis. The Merck Manuals: The Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/print/sec05/ch051/ch051a.html. Accessed Feb. 11, 2009.
- Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/vis/downloads/vis-ppv.pdf. Accessed Feb. 25, 2009.
- Chronic bronchitis. American Lung Association. http://www.lungusa.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=2058829&content_id={C79758B1-B58D-45C4-851D-2FD12958D1E3}¬oc=1. Accessed Feb. 25, 2009.
- Wei J, et al. Chinese medicinal herbs for acute bronchitis (review). Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews. 2008:CD004560.
- Agbabiaka T, et al. Pelargonium sidoides for acute bronchitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine 2008;15:378.
- Long MD, et al. Extra-esophageal GERD: Clinical dilemma of epidemiology versus clinical practice. Current Gastroenterology Reports. 2007;9:195.
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/vis/downloads/vis-PneumoConjugate.pdf. Accessed Jan. 25, 2009.
