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Causes
By Mayo Clinic staffIt's not known specifically what causes bulimia. As with many mental illnesses, it's thought that a variety of factors are at play, including biological, psychological and sociocultural issues:
- Biological. Some people may be genetically vulnerable to developing bulimia. Young women with a biological sister or mother with an eating disorder are at higher risk, for example, suggesting a possible genetic link. Studies of twins also support that idea. However, it's not clear specifically how genetics plays a role. In addition, there's some evidence that serotonin, a naturally occurring brain chemical, may influence eating behaviors because of its connection to the regulation of food intake.
- Psychological. People with bulimia may have psychological and emotional characteristics that contribute to the disease. They may have low self-worth, for instance, as well as perfectionism. They may have trouble controlling impulsive behaviors, managing moods or expressing anger. The families of people with bulimia may tend to have more conflicts, along with more criticism and unpredictability. There may be a history of sexual abuse.
- Sociocultural. Modern Western culture generally cultivates and reinforces a desire for thinness. Success and worth are often equated with being thin. Peer pressure may fuel this desire to be thin, particularly among young girls.
