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    Daniel K. Hall-Flavin, M.D.

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Question

Caffeine and depression: Is there a link?

What's the relationship between caffeine and depression? Does caffeine make depression worse?

Answer

from Daniel K. Hall-Flavin, M.D.

There's no research that shows a direct link between caffeine and depression. However, caffeine and depression may be linked indirectly for people who are more sensitive to the effects of caffeine — a mild stimulant — than are others. In such individuals, a possible connection between caffeine and depression may merit trying a few changes.

  • Caffeine and depression may be linked to sleep. Caffeine can make it more difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep. A lack of sleep can worsen depression. If you have trouble sleeping, don't drink caffeinated beverages late in the day. Some people need to limit caffeine consumption to the morning, or quit drinking caffeinated beverages altogether to avoid sleep problems.
  • Stopping abruptly can worsen depression if you regularly consume caffeine. Quitting caffeine can also cause other signs and symptoms such as headaches, fatigue and irritability.

If you have depression, you may consider limiting or avoiding caffeine to see if it helps improve your mood. To lessen these withdrawal effects, gradually reduce the amount of caffeine you consume.

Next question
Vitamin B-12 and depression: Are they related?
References
  1. Partinen M. Nutrition and sleep. In: Chokroverty S: Sleep Disorders Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders; 2009. http://www.mdconsult.com/book/player/book.do?method=display&type=bookPage&decorator=header&eid=4-u1.0-B978-0-7506-7584-0..00023-9--s0050&uniq=160612249&isbn=978-0-7506-7584-0&sid=889258464#lpState=open&lpTab=contentsTab&content=4-u1.0-B978-0-7506-7584-0..00023-9--s0015%3Bfrom%3Dtoc%3Btype%3DbookPage%3Bisbn%3D978-0-7506-7584-0. Accessed Sept. 17, 2009.
  2. Caffeine withdrawal. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR. 4th ed. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association; 2000. http://www.psychiatryonline.com. Accessed Sept. 17, 2009.
  3. Smith A. Effects of caffeine on human behavior. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2002;40:1243.

AN01700

Oct. 16, 2009

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