Carcinoid tumors

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Treatments and drugs

By Mayo Clinic staff

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Treatment for a carcinoid tumor depends on the tumor's location, whether cancer has spread to other areas of the body, the types of hormones the tumor secretes, your overall health and your own preferences.

Treatments can include:

Surgery
When detected early, a carcinoid tumor may be removed completely using surgery. Most carcinoid tumors are advanced when discovered, so complete removal may not be possible. In some cases, surgeons may try to remove as much of the tumor as possible, to help control signs and symptoms. What types of operations are available to you will depend on the size and location of your carcinoid tumor.

Treatments for carcinoid tumors that have spread to the liver
Carcinoid tumors commonly spread (metastasize) to the liver. Options may include:

  • Liver surgery. Surgery to remove part or all of the liver (hepatic resection) may control signs and symptoms caused by liver tumors.
  • Stopping blood supply to liver tumors. Using hepatic artery embolization, a doctor can clog the liver's main artery (hepatic artery), cutting off the blood supply to cancer cells that have spread to the liver. Healthy liver cells survive by relying on blood from other blood vessels.
  • Killing cancer cells with heat or cold. Radiofrequency ablation delivers heat treatments that cause carcinoid tumor cells in the liver to die. Cryoablation uses cycles of freezing and thawing to kill cancer cells.

Medications for carcinoid syndrome
Injections of medications may block tumor cells from secreting the hormones that can cause the signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. Octreotide (Sandostatin) and lanreotide (Somatuline Depot) may help control flushing and diarrhea in most people with carcinoid syndrome. Both drugs are injected once a month and may cause side effects such as abdominal pain and bloating, diarrhea, and nausea. Side effects typically diminish over time.

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Sept. 27, 2008

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