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Risk factors
By Mayo Clinic staffE. coli can affect anyone who is exposed to the bacteria. But some people are more likely to develop problems than others. Risk factors include:
- Age. Young children and older adults are at higher risk of experiencing illness caused by E. coli and more-serious complications from the infection.
- Weakened immune systems. People who have weakened immune systems — from AIDS or drugs to treat cancer or to prevent the rejection of organ transplants — are more likely to become ill from ingesting E. coli.
- Eating certain types of food. Risky foods include undercooked hamburger; unpasteurized milk, apple juice or cider; and soft cheeses made from raw milk.
- Stomach-reduction surgery. People who've had surgery to reduce the size of their stomachs are more likely to develop symptoms from E. coli, possibly because they have less stomach acid to kill the bacteria.
References
- Escherichia coli. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/stec_gi.html. Accessed May 5, 2009.
- Steckelberg JM (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. May 12, 2009.
- Bitteman RA, et al. Acute gastroenteritis. In: Marx JA, et al. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby Elsevier; 2006. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/135505615-6/837468548/1365/282.html#4-u1.0-B0-323-02845-4..50098-6--cesec40_4619. Accessed May 5, 2009.
- Calderwood SB. Microbiology, pathogenesis and epidemiology of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed May 5, 2009.
- Basic information about E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/safewater/contaminants/ecoli.html. Accessed May 5, 2009.
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome in children. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/childkidneydiseases/hemolytic_uremic_syndrome/. Accessed May 5, 2009.
- Calderwood SB. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed May 5, 2009.
