Hypertensive crisis: What are the symptoms?

What is the definition of a hypertensive crisis? If I notice a spike in my blood pressure, what should I do?

- Laura / Colorado

Answer

A hypertensive crisis is a severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to a stroke. Extremely high blood pressure — above 180/110 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) — damages blood vessels. They become inflamed and may leak fluid or blood. As a result, the heart may not be able to maintain adequate circulation of blood. A hypertensive crisis is divided into two categories: urgent and emergency.

Signs and symptoms of an urgent hypertensive crisis may include:

• Elevated blood pressure
• Severe headache
• Severe anxiety
• Shortness of breath

During an emergency hypertensive crisis, you may experience life-threatening signs and symptoms, such as:

• Fluid in your lungs (pulmonary edema)
• Brain swelling or bleeding
• A tear in your aorta (aortic dissection)
• Heart attack
• Stroke
• Eclampsia, if you are pregnant.

If you experience a severe increase in your blood pressure (above 180/110 mm Hg), seek immediate medical attention. Treatment for hypertensive crisis may include oral medications, intravenous medications and hospitalization.

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