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Complications
By Mayo Clinic staffIf left untreated, hypothermia leads to complete failure of the heart and respiratory system and to death.
People who develop hypothermia because of exposure to cold weather or cold water are also vulnerable to other cold-related injuries, including:
- Frostbite, or freezing of body tissues
- Gangrene, decay and death of tissue resulting from an interruption in blood flow (possible complication of frostbite)
- Chilblains, damage to nerves and small blood vessels, usually in the hands or feet after prolonged exposure to above-freezing, cold temperatures
- Trench foot (immersion foot), damage to nerves and small blood vessels due to prolonged immersion in water
References
- Hypothermia. The Merck Manuals: The Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/print/sec21/ch319/ch319d.html. Accessed May 6, 2009.
- Ulrich AS, et al. Hypothermia and localized cold injuries. Emergency Medical Clinics of North America. 2004;22:281.
- McCullough L, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of hypothermia. American Family Physician. 2004;70:2325.
- Jurkovich GJ. Environmental cold-induced injury. Surgical Clinics of North America. 2007;87:247.
- Hypothermia: A cold weather hazard. National Institute on Aging. http://www.nia.nih.gov. Accessed May 4, 2009.
- Extreme cold: A prevention guide to promote your personal health and safety. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/guide.asp. Accessed May 4, 2009.
- Winter safety tips. American Academy of Pediatrics. http://www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/decwintertips.cfm. Accessed May 4, 2009.
- Federal requirements and safety tips for recreational boats: Cold water survival. United States Coast Guard. http://www.uscgboating.org/safety/fedreqs/saf_cold.htm. Accessed May 8, 2009.
- Hypothermia and cold water. Canadian Red Cross. http://www.redcross.ca/article.asp?id=15204&tid=024. Accessed May 8, 2009.
