Implant

Implanon, an implantable contraceptive device, was approved in 2006. The matchstick-sized device releases a low, steady dose of progestin to prevent pregnancy. The implant can be left in place for up to three years and removed at any time.

Another implantable contraceptive, Norplant, was available in the United States throughout the 1990s. In 2000, however, questions about the strength of certain lots of the drug led its manufacturer to stop U.S. distribution. Two years later, the company decided not to reintroduce Norplant to the U.S. market. Doctors continued to implant new Norplant devices until the already-distributed supply ran out. Unless your doctor recommends otherwise, you can safely use an existing Norplant insert for five years after implantation, when it loses its effectiveness.

Effectiveness rate. The manufacturer says Implanon is 99 percent effective in preventing pregnancy when implanted properly, which means that one out of 100 women using Implanon for one year will get pregnant.

Side effects and health risks. Implanon can cause irregular menstrual bleeding and spotting. For some women, Implanon stops menstruation entirely. Other side effects may include acne, headaches, breast tenderness and weight changes.

How to use the implant. If you decide on Implanon, a doctor will place the implant under the skin of your inner, upper arm. The implant is effective for up to three years, at which time you can get it removed and have a new one implanted.

Cost and availability. The implant costs $180, and the initial examination and implantation costs $50 to $200. The implant is not yet widely available. As more doctors are trained in implanting the device, it will be offered in more locations.