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Risk factors
By Mayo Clinic staffFactors that increase your risk of low sperm count include:
- Genetic or hormonal problems. Certain health conditions affect sperm production, such as Klinefelter's syndrome or a problem with hormone production.
- Substance abuse. Sperm count can be reduced by use of illegal drugs such as cocaine or marijuana.
- Smoking. Smoking cigarettes affects sperm production. Secondhand smoke may also lower sperm count.
- Being overweight. Being obese has been shown to cause hormonal changes that affect sperm production.
- Exposure to environmental toxins. Exposure to radiation therapy, certain chemicals, heat and some medications can temporarily reduce sperm production.
- Cancer treatment. Radiation treatment and chemotherapy can hamper sperm production.
- Certain surgeries or injuries. Surgeries or injuries that affect the testicles or glands that produce hormones can affect sperm production.
