Morning sickness

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Risk factors

By Mayo Clinic staff

Morning sickness can affect anyone who's pregnant. You might be more likely to experience morning sickness if:

  • You experienced nausea or vomiting from motion sickness, migraines, certain smells or tastes, or exposure to estrogen (in birth control pills, for example) before pregnancy
  • You experienced morning sickness during a previous pregnancy
  • You're pregnant with twins or other multiples
References
  1. Funai EF. Hyperemesis gravidarum and morning sickness. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed June 29, 2009.
  2. Hill CC, et al. Physiologic changes in pregnancy. Surgical Clinics of North America. 2008;88:391.
  3. Morning sickness. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. http://www.acog.org/publications/patient_education/bp126.cfm. Accessed June 30, 2009.
  4. You and your baby: Prenatal care, labor and delivery, and postpartum care. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. http://www.acog.org/publications/patient_education/ab005.cfm. Accessed June 30, 2009.
  5. Holst L, et al. The use and the user of herbal remedies during pregnancy. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2009;15:1.
  6. Goodwin TM. Hyperemesis gravidarum. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 2008;35:401.
  7. Ginger. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. http://www.naturaldatabase.com. Accessed July 1, 2009.
  8. Acupressure. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. http://www.naturaldatabase.com. Accessed July 1, 2009.
  9. Mason MC. Pain relief to a point. Nursing Standard. 2008;22:22.
  10. Simon EP, et al. Medical hypnosis for hyperemesis gravidarum. Birth. 1999;26:248.
  11. Czeizel AE, et al. The effect of periconceptional multivitamin-mineral supplementation on vertigo, nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics. 1992;251:181.
  12. Emelianova S, et al. Prevalence and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and effect of vitamin supplementation. Clinical and Investigative Medicine. 1999;22:106.
  13. Gill SK, et al. The effectiveness of discontinuing iron-containing prenatal multivitamins on reducing the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2009;29:13.
  14. Harms RW (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Dec. 9, 2008.

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Oct. 3, 2009

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