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    Daniel K. Hall-Flavin, M.D.

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Question

Passive-aggressive behavior: How can I recognize it?

What are the signs and symptoms of passive-aggressive behavior?

Answer

from Daniel K. Hall-Flavin, M.D.

Passive-aggressive behavior is a pattern of expressing your negative feelings in an indirect way — instead of openly addressing them.

People who are passive-aggressive appear to agree with the requests of others. They may even seem enthusiastic about them. But they don't perform a requested action on time or in a useful way, and may even work against it. In other words, they use nonverbal behavior to express anger or resentment that they can't express verbally. An example is showing up very late to a meeting that you didn't really want to attend and then making up excuses for your lateness that deflect attention from the real reason you were late.

Signs and symptoms of passive-aggressive behavior include:

  • Resentment and opposition to the demands of others
  • Complaining about feeling underappreciated or cheated
  • Procrastination
  • Stubbornness
  • Inefficiency
  • Memory lapses
  • Sullenness
  • Irritability
  • Cynical attitude

Although passive-aggressive behavior can be a feature of some psychiatric disorders, it isn't considered a mental illness. Researchers are studying how to classify habitual and problematic behaviors such as passive-aggressiveness. If such behavior is troublesome or interferes with your relationships or daily activities, consult a therapist who can help you identify and change the behavior.

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References
  1. Janowski D. Personality disorders. In: Ebert MH, et al. Current Diagnosis and Treatment: Psychiatry. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y.: McGraw Hill Medical; 2008:513.
  2. Passive-aggressive personality disorder. In: Moore DP, et al. Handbook of Medical Psychiatry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby; 2004. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/120944127-3/805556129/1243/145.html#4-u1.0-B0-323-02911-6..50145-7_1345. Accessed Feb. 17, 2009.

AN01563

April 8, 2009

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