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Risk factors
By Mayo Clinic staffThe following factors may increase your risk of primary biliary cirrhosis:
- Your sex. More than 90 percent of people with primary biliary cirrhosis are women.
- Your age. Most people diagnosed with primary biliary cirrhosis are 35 to 60 years old. Although older adults can develop the disease, it's rare in children.
- Family history. Having a family history of primary biliary cirrhosis increases your risk of developing the disease.
References
- Primary biliary cirrhosis. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/primarybiliarycirrhosis/index.htm. Accessed Aug. 14, 2009.
- Primary biliary cirrhosis. American Liver Foundation. http://www.liverfoundation.org/education/info/pbc/. Accessed Aug. 14, 2009.
- Cirrhosis. The Merck Manuals: The Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec03/ch026/ch026c.html. Accessed Aug. 14, 2009.
- Friedman LS. Liver, biliary tract and pancreas disorders. In: McPhee SJ, et al. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment. 48th ed. Los Altos, Calif.: Lange Medical Publications; 2009. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=7993. Accessed Aug. 14, 2009.
- Kaplan M, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005;353:1261.
- Kaplan MM. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and natural history of primary biliary cirrhosis. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed July 30, 2009.
- Kaplan MM. Overview of the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed July 30, 2009.
- Hirschfeld GM, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with HLA, IL12A, and IL12RB2 variants. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009;360:2544.
- Taouli B, et al. Advanced MRI methods for assessment of chronic liver disease. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2009;193:14.
- Lazaridis K, et al. Increased prevalence of antimitochondrial antibodies in first-degree relatives of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007;46:785.
- Lindor K. Ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2007;357:1254.
- Picco MF (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla. Aug. 31, 2009.
- Hay JE. Bone disease in cholestatic liver disease. Gastroenterology. 1995;108:278.
