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MayoClinic.com: Smoking-related illnesses come with significant costs — both financial and quality of life
By Mayo Clinic staff| Journalists |
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For more information, contact:
Ginger Plumbo |
ROCHESTER, Minn. — Nicotine dependence is the physical vulnerability to the chemical nicotine, which is potently addicting when delivered by various tobacco products. Smoke from cigarettes, cigars and pipes contains thousands of chemicals, including nicotine. Being addicted to tobacco brings a host of health problems related to the substances in tobacco smoke. These effects include damage to the lungs, heart and blood vessels.
According to the American Lung Association, smoking cost the United States over $193 billion in 2004, including $97 billion in lost productivity and $96 billion in direct health care expenditures, or an average of $4,260 per adult smoker.
When people inhale, they are ingesting a chemical parade that marches through the body's vital organs. MayoClinic.com reviews the negative health effects throughout the body, including:
- Lungs: Smoking is the cause of most cases of lung cancer. Smoking also is the primary cause of other lung problems, such as emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis.
- Heart and circulatory system: Smoking increases your risk of dying from cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke. If people smoke more than 25 cigarettes daily, they have five times the risk of heart disease compared to someone who doesn't smoke.
- Cancer: Smoking is a major cause of cancer of the esophagus, larynx, throat (pharynx) and mouth and contributes to cancer of the bladder, pancreas, liver, kidney, cervix, stomach, colon and rectum, and some leukemias.
- Appearance: The chemicals in tobacco smoke can dry and irritate the skin, as well as promote wrinkles. Smoking also yellows teeth, fingers and fingernails.
- Fertility: Smoking increases the risk of infertility and miscarriage in women and the risk of impotence and infertility in men.
- Senses: Smoking deadens the senses of taste and smell, so food isn't as appetizing as it once was.
For most people, smoking cessation is difficult. In fact, quitting smoking might be one of the most challenging things an individual ever does. A feature on MayoClinic.com explains why smoking cessation matters, what to expect and how to stick with it.
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