Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)

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Definition

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a heart rhythm problem (arrhythmia) caused by an extra abnormal electrical pathway in the heart. In a normal heart, electrical impulses travel from the upper chambers (atria) to the lower chambers (ventricles) in an organized, rhythmic pattern through the atrioventricular node — or AV node.

In people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, there's an extra pathway between the upper and lower chambers of the heart, which allows the electrical signals to bypass the AV node. When electrical signals travel through this abnormal detour, the signals reach the ventricles too early — a condition called preexcitation. Electrical signals can also travel through the AV node and then go back up the extra pathway, which can create a short circuit and lead to fast heart rate (tachycardia).

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can affect infants, children and adults. In some people, fast heart rate occurs only a handful of times. In others, it occurs as often as once or twice a week. This sensation can be scary or bothersome, but Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome usually isn't life-threatening. Treatment for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome focuses on slowing fast heart rate and preventing its recurrence.

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Symptoms